Just After The Big Bang The Universe Was Very Hot, Over 1,000,000,000,000,000ºC

Fact of the day: Just after the big bang the universe was very hot, over 1,000,000,000,000,000ºC.

The very early universe was very extreme, in pretty much every way. It was extremely dense, as the entire mass and energy of a universe was present in a space smaller than a proton. It was extremely hot, as the energy produced by the annihilation matter and antimatter was cataclysmic. It was so extreme that even the current laws of physics did not apply (more information about this will be in my next few posts).

The current laws of physics did not apply until plank time or 10-43 seconds (the smallest measurement of time) after the Big Bang. The theory is that the universe was a singularity, plank length (the smallest measurement of length) wide, and plank temperature (a very high temperature). There is even a theory that the four fundamental forces combined to make one mega super force.

Within 10–32 seconds, the universe was the size of a grapefruit, and the universe underwent cosmic inflation, which is when the universe expands at the speed of light, if not faster.

At 10–6 seconds,  matter and energy separated, and all the matter and antimatter annihilated (but there was slightly more matter than antimatter, so there was some matter left over) producing vast amounts of energy. Quarks, leptons and bosons formed.

The laws of physics were now the same as they are today.

At 1 second into the life of the universe, quarks then formed hadrons (protons and neutrons).

Within 20 minutes, hydrogen and helium atoms formed. At this point the temperature of the universe was around 1,000,000,000ºC.

After slow, gradual cooling, at 200,000 years, the universe was a hot (but not nearly as hot as before) plasma of hydrogen and helium nuclei and electrons.

Around 378,000 years after the big bang, the temperature of the universe was approximately that of the surface of the sun, then Cosmic Microwave Background radiation was created.

300 million years after the universe was created, the first stars formed.

500 million years after the universe was created, galaxies formed.

Our solar system was forming at around 8.5 billion years after the Big Bang.

13.772 billion years after the universe was created, is now.




The Milky Way Galaxy (above) as seen from Karakoram Range in Pakistan. This image may have been edited slightly.





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